Thursday 28 February 2013

NASA's Van Allen Probes reveal a new radiation belt around Earth

Feb. 28, 2013 ? NASA's Van Allen Probes mission has discovered a previously unknown third radiation belt around Earth, revealing the existence of unexpected structures and processes within these hazardous regions of space.

Previous observations of Earth's Van Allen belts have long documented two distinct regions of trapped radiation surrounding our planet. Particle detection instruments aboard the twin Van Allen Probes, launched Aug. 30, quickly revealed to scientists the existence of this new, transient, third radiation belt.

The belts, named for their discoverer, James Van Allen, are critical regions for modern society, which is dependent on many space-based technologies. The Van Allen belts are affected by solar storms and space weather and can swell dramatically. When this occurs, they can pose dangers to communications and GPS satellites, as well as humans in space.

"The fantastic new capabilities and advances in technology in the Van Allen Probes have allowed scientists to see in unprecedented detail how the radiation belts are populated with charged particles and will provide insight on what causes them to change, and how these processes affect the upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere," said John Grunsfeld, NASA's associate administrator for science in Washington.

This discovery shows the dynamic and variable nature of the radiation belts and improves our understanding of how they respond to solar activity. The findings, published February 28 in the journal Science, are the result of data gathered by the first dual-spacecraft mission to fly through our planet's radiation belts.

The new high-resolution observations by the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument, part of the Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite (ECT) aboard the Van Allen Probes, revealed there can be three distinct, long-lasting belt structures with the emergence of a second empty slot region, or space, in between.

"This is the first time we have had such high-resolution instruments look at time, space and energy together in the outer belt," said Daniel Baker, lead author of the study and REPT instrument lead at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado in Boulder. "Previous observations of the outer radiation belt only resolved it as a single blurry element. When we turned REPT on just two days after launch, a powerful electron acceleration event was already in progress, and we clearly saw the new belt and new slot between it and the outer belt."

Scientists observed the third belt for four weeks before a powerful interplanetary shock wave from the sun annihilated it. Observations were made by scientists from institutions including LASP; NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.; Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M.; and the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space at the University of New Hampshire in Durham.

Each Van Allen Probe carries an identical set of five instrument suites that allow scientists to gather data on the belts in unprecedented detail. The data are important for the study of the effect of space weather on Earth, as well as fundamental physical processes observed around other objects, such as planets in our solar system and distant nebulae.

"Even 55 years after their discovery, the Earth's radiation belts still are capable of surprising us and still have mysteries to discover and explain," said Nicky Fox, Van Allen Probes deputy project scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. "We thought we knew the radiation belts, but we don't. The advances in technology and detection made by NASA in this mission already have had an almost immediate impact on basic science."

The Van Allen Probes are the second mission in NASA's Living With a Star Program to explore aspects of the connected sun-Earth system that directly affect life and society. Goddard manages the program. The Applied Physics Laboratory built the spacecraft and manages the mission for NASA.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. D. N. Baker, S. G. Kanekal, V. C. Hoxie, M. G. Henderson, X. Li, H. E. Spence, S. R. Elkington, R. H. W. Friedel, J. Goldstein, M. K. Hudson, G. D. Reeves, R. M. Thorne, C. A. Kletzing, and S. G. Claudepierre. A Long-Lived Relativistic Electron Storage Ring Embedded in Earth's Outer Van Allen Belt. Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1126/science.1233518

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/6au8zstDb1E/130228155430.htm

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Video: Santelli's Morning Bond Update

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Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/50972355/

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PFT: 'Do you like girls?' question investigated

JimMillerGetty Images

The fact that the NFL isn?t ready for openly gay players continues to be proven by the words and actions of men who currently occupy, who previously inhabited NFL, and who will be joining NFL locker rooms.

From 49ers cornerback Chris Culliver?s over-the-top rant against gay teammates to Notre Dame Manti Te?o's bizarre ?farrrrrrr from it? response to Katie Courtic?s,? Are you gay?? to Colorado tight end Nick Kasa?s nonchalant reaction on The Dan Patrick Show to the inherently inappropriate ?Do you like girls?? question he faced at the Scouting Combine, it?s obvious that football and homophobia go hand in hand.

Now, a former player who I know and like has joined the fray with an argument that simply doesn?t hold water.? Former NFL quarterback Jim Miller recently told WSCR in Chicago that intolerance is justified by religious beliefs.

?There are some religions that are just not going to accept a gay individual in the locker room,? Miller said.? ?So now, are you as an organization going to bring that element into your locker room and think everything is going to be OK?

?Last time I checked, whether it?s Christianity or Muslims or other religions that are out there, they?re just not going to accept it.? They?re just not.? It?s just not realistic for Mike Florio or any progressive or liberal to think that everything is going to be OK in the locker room and we should all just wise up and accept it.?

Miller separately said he ?could care less? about a teammate?s sexual orientation.? Still, if his position is accurate, then gay coworkers would be rejected in every American workplace.? After all, every American workplace consists of Christians or Muslims or people who practice other religions that, according to Jim Miller, aggressively object to the mere presence of homosexuals on the same payroll.

The problem with most religions is that the relevant scriptures have enough passages that can be isolated and spun to justify pretty much any position someone wants to adopt.? For example, the Old Testament is rife with outdated and confusing rules and regulations.? In contrast, the New Testament is founded on principles like loving one?s neighbor.

For those who believe sexuality is a choice (I don?t), the concept of free will makes matters that occur behind closed doors the business only of the participants and their maker.? For those who believe that sexual orientation is no different than hair color or nose shape (I do), how would Jesus treat such people?? Would He drive out with stones the perverse sexual demons that were hard-wired into their DNA?? Or would He love them and accept them?

But, hey, maybe I?m just taking specific Biblical passages out of context.? I mean, maybe God wants us to reject His creatures for the way He created them.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/02/27/league-will-investigate-quetioning-of-nick-kasa-at-combine/related/

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Friday 22 February 2013

Lady Gaga?s ?Pray for Japan? teacup donated to Miyagi as owner dies of illness

Lady Gaga?s ?Pray for Japan? teacup donated to Miyagi as owner dies of illness

54 year old dentist Akihisa Yumi passed away on Thursday, only one day after donating the ?Pray for Japan? teacup, which was kissed by the famous U.S. pop star Lady Gaga, to the local government of disaster-stuck Miyagi Prefecture. The teacup was used by Lady Gaga during a press conference in Japan in 2011, shortly after the March 11th earthquake and tsunami disasters, with the words ?Pray for Japan? written in Japanese on the side, and subsequently auctioned for charity in May 2012.

Lady Gaga's 'Pray for Japan' teacup donated to Miyagi as owner dies of illness

Yumi, who is from Miyagi?s city of Osaki, was the winning bidder, paying 6 million yen (then worth approx. $75,000) for the teacup, which also features her signature and lipstick imprint. He donated the memorabilia to the Miyagi prefectural government on Wednesday, in hopes that it would encourage people to visit Japan?s recovering region, and not to forget the disasters that took place almost two years ago. Sadly, Yumi passed away on Thursday at a local hospital due to his struggle with an intractable lung disease. He had been incapacitated and unable to speak, but sister Koto Cho, 52, says that Yumi, who regularly volunteered after the disaster, even helping to identify some of the near 20,000 victims through their dental records, was smiling as he died. She said that her brother was probably relieved that the teacup had been safely delivered.

At the time of its auction, the teacup still hadn?t even been washed from when Lady Gaga sipped Diet Coke from it in Tokyo only ten weeks after the 2011 natural disasters. As Yumi?s sister presented the teacup and saucer to Miyagi Governor Yoshihiro Murai, she said, ?I hope people will be touched by Lady Gaga?s and my brother?s love for the disaster-stricken areas.? Murai promised the gift would be used as ?effectively? as possible in order to encourage people. Idea?s on what to do with teacup are still being discussed, but one proposal sees it being put on display at a memorial park.

[via Jiji Press]

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/JapanDailyPress/~3/z2949wpaCaA/lady-gagas-pray-for-japan-teacup-donated-to-miyagi-as-owner-dies-of-illness-2223860

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Dual Core Android 4.0 Phone "ThL W1+"- 4.3 Inch qHD Screen, 1GHz CPU (Black) - CVFD-M333-Black

Branded ThL W1+Android 4.0 Phone featuring a 4.3 Inch screen with qHD 960x540 resolution, a 1GHz Dual Core CPU and 1GB RAM.

This genuine branded ThL W1+ Android 4.0 phone features an impressive qHD resolution screen displaying 960x540 pixels, or exactly one quarter of a 1920x1080 Full HD screen. Accompanied by a 1 GHz dual-core processor, 1GB of RAM and Android 4.0, the W1+ rocks some very solid specs.

Being around for more than 10 years, ThL is an experienced manufacturer of Android phones and established a worldwide customer base. The W1+ is a high-end Android phone combining a fast 1GHz Dual Core CPU with 1GB of RAM for optimal performance and can easily run several apps at the same time. The qHD 4.3 Inch screen of the W1+ has a resolution of 960x540 and performs great displaying high quality images.

Running Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, the W1+ has one of Android?s most advanced operating systems. Not only is Android 4.0 fast, but it also gives you a high level of customization options and a big app store with more than 600.000 Apps. Install any app, from YouTube over Facebook and Angry birds to Twitter and the ThL W1+ will run it with ease. Snap a picture with the 8MP camera, save it on the 4GB of internal memory or on a Micro SD card of up to 32GB and enjoy the great picture quality on the qHD screen.

This is your chance to buy the ThL W1+ at a low wholesale price! In stock now, we guarantee next day shipping and offer a 12 months warranty on all our products. Brought to you by the leader in wholesale Android Phones, Chinavasion.

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  • 4.3 Inch Screen
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Manufacturer Specifications
General
  • OS version: Android 4.0
  • CPU: MT6577 Dual core
  • Processor Speed (max): 1Ghz
  • RAM: 1GB
  • 2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
  • 3G: WCDMA 850/2100 MHz
  • WIFI: 802.11 b/g/n
  • Bluetooth
  • GPS
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  • Portable wifi hotspot(3g tethering)
  • 8 Megapixel Rear Camera + 0.3 Megapixel Front-Facing Camera
  • Battery Size + Life: 1550mAH, 3 hours talk time
  • Battery standby: 90hours
  • Languages: Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa melayu, German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Turkish, Russian, Arab, Thai, Chinese(trad)

Display
  • Display size: 4.3 inch
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  • 5 point multi touch display

Memory
  • Internal: 4GB
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Media Formats:
Ports
  • 2 GSM SIM Card slots: 1x WCDMA, 1x GSM
  • Micro SD Card slot
  • 3.5 mm audio out port
  • Mic
  • Speaker

Sensors
  • Proximity sensor
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Dimensions
  • Main product dimensions: 126 x 61 x 10mm (L x W x D)
  • Main product weight: 24g
  • Weight/dimension is for the main item of this boxed product, to help you compare product sizes before buying: please do not base your shipping calculations on this price - shipping prices depend on your cart contents, shipping destination, and shipping method: please use the checkout to select options and preview shipping price for your total order.

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Arabic - ?? ?? ?? W3 ??????? ?????? 4.0; Chinese Simplified - TcL W3 Android 4.0 ??; Czech - TcL W3 Android 4.0 telefon; Danish - TcL W3 Android 4.0 Telefon; Dutch - TcL W3 Android 4.0 telefoon; French - TcL W3 Android t?l?phone 4.0; German - TcL W3 Android 4.0 Telefon; Greek - ?????????? ???????? 4.0 TcL W3; Hindi - ???? W3 Android 4.0 ???; Indonesian - Ponsel Android 4.0 TcL W3; Italian - TcL W3 telefono Android 4.0; Japanese - TcL W3 ?????? 4.0 ??; Korean - TcL W3 ?? ? ? ??? 4.0; Norwegian - TcL W3 Android 4.0 telefon; Polish - Telefon z Androidem 4.0 TcL W3; Portuguese - TcL W3 do telefone Android 4.0; Russian - ??????? Android 4.0 TcL W3; Spanish - Android tel?fono 4.0 TcL W3; Thai - TcL W3 Android 4.0 ????????

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Date Launched: 22nd November 2012

Source: http://www.chinavasion.com/china/wholesale/Android_Phones/Large_Screen_Android_Phones/Genuine_ThL_Brand_W1_Android_4.0_Phone_-_4.3_Inch_qHD_Screen_1GHz_Dual_Core_CPU_Black/

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iPad mini: 4 months later

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Samsung is overtaking Apple in cool-factor mindshare, agree or disagree? Cast your vote in "Today's Poll..." in the left column below or go straight to the results here.

Wednesday Highlights: Apple Chairman, Art Levinson, discusses Apple after Steve Jobs on Tuesday at Stanford's Graduate School of Business; calls it "weird", but assures Apple isn't in trouble; Rachelle Dragani at MacNewsWorld sums up the past week in Apple news, noting Apple's growth seed-planting in China and India; is Tim Cook the next Steve Ballmer?; Woz sounds warning that Apple desperately needs to continue setting standards or they'll lose their cool, would love it if the company released an iWatch; Apple's victory over Motorola to be reviewed by the International Trade Commission; appears Apple hack may have originated from Eastern Europe, not China as originally thought; in response, Apple on Tuesday released Java updates, among other software updates you can find in our OS X section; Jonny Evans believes this attack is reason enough to turn off Java all together; Forbes notes that the dev site used in the attacks has issued an apology, and Tim Worstall says Apple indeed has a "serious problem" with viruses/malware; Macworld explains how to fix issues between Safari and mail; also shows "how to protect your Mac from theft in public places"; tutorial on using guidelines in FCPX; Strategy Analytics report shows Apple's iPhone 5 and 4S models - in Q4 of 2012 - was the best-selling smartphone in the world, beating out Samsung's Galaxy S3; more down in our General Interest section; Foxconn says they've enforced a hiring freeze, but not due to an iPhone slowdown, rather due to a strong returning workforce, but this doesn't stop Wall Street from panicking; looks like iPad mini supply is picking up; PC Magazine reviews LifeProof's Fr? iPhone 5 case, and TurboTax SnapTax for iPhone; Mashable has 6 ways you can make your iPad mail more productive; iWallet in 2013?; did Apple intentionally plant the iWatch story in desperate attempt to prove they're still innovative?

Today's MacUpdate Promo offers 40% savings on SerialMailer 7.5.3. "SerialMailer lets you add personalized details to your mass email messages. Give each message a custom name, order number, or even attachment. Engage your customers and colleagues, or show your friends and family that you care -- when it comes to bulk email messages, a touch of personality goes a long way!"

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  • "HP CEO Whitman: Dell Leveraged Buyout Spells Opportunity For HP"?CRN?11:12 AM
  • "Whitman vows to end channel conflict at HP: Direct sales teams made to honor partner-led deals"?Channel Register?2:06 PM
  • "Microsoft's Ballmer: Surface Is a Real Business"?TheStreet?2:55 PM
  • "Surface won't dominate but it's a 'real business,' says Ballmer"?CNET News?10:00 AM
  • "Surface sales aren't dominating, and that's OK with Microsoft's Ballmer"?PCWorld?1:30 PM
  • "Microsoft Sees China as Center for R&D" [Video Report]?WSJ.com [Paid Membership Required]?9:50 AM
  • "Microsoft Sees China As R&D Center"?WSJ Blogs?9:50 AM
  • "Microsoft Scores With Outlook.com: This may surprise you, but I find Microsoft's Outlook.com to be a near-perfect email system."?PC Magazine?1:28 PM
  • "Microsoft to tighten further its Yammer-Office ties this summer"?ZDNet?2:17 PM
  • "Industry leaders, creatives, academics and former U.S. copyright czar support Oracle's appeal"?Foss Patents?9:54 AM
  • "Microsoft, EMC, NetApp join Oracle's legal fight against Google on Java"?IDG News Service?12:25 PM
  • "Microsoft Backs Oracle's Crusade Against Google Android"?Wired Magazine?2:13 PM
  • "Oracle Tries Again to Get Satisfaction in Java Case"?E-Commerce Times?12:06 PM
  • "Oracle fined $18K in Australian sexual harassment case"?ZDNet?2:19 PM
  • "AMD docking technology adjusts tablet, laptop performance in hybrids: AMD's Turbo Dock increases performance when hybrid is in laptop mode, scales down in tablet mode"?IDG News Service?11:14 AM
  • "AMD takes on Intel's Ultrabooks with a new keyboard docking technology"?PCWorld?1:31 PM
  • "Intel's hardware future: From mobile to ultrabooks, what's Fab 28 cooking up?"?ZDNet?2:19 PM
  • "U.S. Unveils New Strategy to Combat Hacking"?WSJ.com [Paid Membership Required]?2:55 PM
  • "Petition asks Obama to legalize unlocking of mobile phones: Petition to reverse a decision by the Library of Congress making the unlocking of mobile phones illegal needs 15,000 more signatures by Saturday"?IDG News Service?12:26 PM
  • "F.C.C. Moves to Ease Wireless Congestion"?New York Times [Free/Paid Registration Required]?3:13 PM
  • "Author of Cell Phone Unlocking Petition Makes Final Push for 100K Signatures"?PC Magazine?1:28 PM
  • "Operators set stage for international Wi-Fi roaming: International roaming between carriers' Wi-Fi networks has come a step closer, with AT&T, Boingo Wireless, NTT DoCoMo and Orange completing network assessments as part of the Wireless Broadband Alliance's new interoperability program."?IDG News Service?1:31 PM
  • "Mobile growth is about to be staggering: It's the biggest shift in technology since the advent of the Internet, and mobile is still only just beginning."?Fortune?12:17 PM
? ?

Source: http://www.macsurfer.com/redirr.php?u=763886

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Thursday 21 February 2013

Eugene Patterson and Aaron Swartz: Ghosts speaking across the ...

Editor?s note: Nieman Foundation curator Ann Marie Lipinski writes a column for each issue of our sister publication, Nieman Reports. Its new issue will come out next month; here, she compares two seemingly disparate figures and finds some commonalities.

They died the same weekend, one 26, a prodigy of the Internet age who took his own life, the other an 89-year-old whose moral battles were waged on newsprint and whose final assignment was editing the Old Testament.

It is doubtful that many knew both men. And perhaps no one else reading their January obituaries was struck, as I was, by the distant echoes in their stories. But I couldn?t shake the connection nor the important questions their lives posed ? about journalistic courage, access to knowledge, and the way in which we nurture a generation?s clarion voices.

Eugene Patterson was one such voice, a white man from rural Georgia who survived poverty and World War II to become among the most influential editors of the civil rights era. His editorials for The Atlanta Constitution won a Pulitzer Prize in 1967, along with the enmity of white demagogues. He received threats and hate mail. His 9-year-old phoned once in a panic because their dog had been shot in the yard.

?I kept telling my daughter, ?Look, we don?t know who shot her,?? Patterson told an interviewer. ?But my daughter said she knew ? that it was ?somebody who doesn?t like what you?ve been writing in the paper.? I tried to explain to her. It was tough for a child.?

The column for which Patterson is best remembered was written in 1963 on the day four African-American girls were murdered in a dynamite explosion at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Patterson would say later that he cried as he composed ?A Flower for the Graves,? his own daughter nearby as he typed:

?A Negro mother wept in the street Sunday morning in front of a Baptist Church in Birmingham. In her hand she held a shoe, one shoe, from the foot of her dead child. We hold that shoe with her?.Only we can trace the truth, Southerner ? you and I. We broke those children?s bodies.?

Walter Cronkite invited Patterson to read the column on the ?CBS Evening News,? an extraordinary moment at a time when an editor?s voice rarely reached beyond the routes of his newspaper?s delivery trucks. His courage was found in his silence, too, having resisted FBI pressure to publish details about Martin Luther King, Jr.?s personal life. And in perhaps his most selfless act, he ordered news of his drunk driving arrest onto Page 1 of the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times, where he last worked as editor and chairman.

His influence had limits. He once phoned a Florida governor at 2 a.m. imploring him to commute a death sentence, only to learn hours later of the prisoner?s execution. But the long arc of Patterson?s life was characterized by persistence and no harder-won compliment was ever paid a journalist than this from one of his readers: ?I see what you?re trying to do. You?re trying to make us think that we?re better than we are.?

Aaron Swartz?s death by hanging in New York came January 11, the day before Patterson died of complications from cancer, and was received with raw, angry grief. A host of newspapers, magazines, blogs and streaming eulogies brought steady accounts of his brief, brilliant and ultimately tragic orbit. The appraisals of his contributions vary, but are united by recognition that Swartz was a precocious programmer (some say genius) who contributed to the creation of RSS, the transformative online syndication tool; Reddit; and the revolutionary Web licensing system, Creative Commons. That Swartz began this work as a 14-year-old high school dropout only burnished his reputation.

What animated Swartz was not mere programming but organizing in support of open access to the Web. He founded Demand Progress, a group that successfully lobbied against the Stop Online Piracy Act ? legislation that backers said protected intellectual property but that Swartz argued was online censorship. In 2008, he aimed his prodigious talent at an electronic repository for federal judicial records. Swartz objected to the government charging 8 cents per page to view public information and helped write a computer program unlocking nearly 20 million free pages before the government caught on.

Swartz?s fervor for unfettered information access eventually led him to a utility closet at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). There he allegedly connected his laptop to the school?s network and downloaded archives from JSTOR, a paid subscription service for academic journals. He believed the research ? some funded by taxpayers ? was knowledge solidly in the public domain. Despite JSTOR?s decision not to press charges, the Department of Justice indicted Swartz for gaining illegal access to the files, a crime carrying the threat of prison and significant fines.

?Stealing is stealing,? said U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz, ?whether you use a computer command or a crowbar.?

Swartz had written about his reccurring depression, but the legal case is said to have drained his finances and exhausted him. At the crowded funeral on the North Shore of Chicago where Swartz had grown up, his father Robert said a zealous government had ?killed? his son. Swartz?s longtime mentor Lawrence Lessig, director of Harvard?s Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics where Swartz was a fellow at the time of the MIT incident, wrote that if the allegations were true ?then what he did was wrong.? But he accused the government of ?bullying? Swartz ? who was ?always and only working for?the public good? ? into a state of despair.

?Aaron Swartz is now an icon, an ideal,? an emotional Lessig said in a television interview. ?He is what we will be fighting for, all of us, for the rest of our lives.?

In the days after their deaths, I wrestled at the intersection of their lives. Clearly there were personal traits that powered their individual responses to moral crises and adversity. But what else?

Between his posts in Atlanta and St. Petersburg, Patterson served as managing editor of The Washington Post, presiding with executive editor Benjamin Bradlee over the 1971 publication of the Pentagon Papers. Those classified documents, a chronicle of the U.S. history in Vietnam, were famously taken, copied and leaked by military analyst Daniel Ellsberg, first to The New York Times, then to the Post and others. What Swartz did with a laptop, Ellsberg accomplished with a copy machine. Publication of the documents in the face of federal injunctions and claims the newspapers were endangering national security, Ellsberg wrote, ?amounted to a unique wave of civil disobedience by major American institutions.?

That experience, like others before and since, was formative for journalism. Beleaguered on so many fronts, the industry still shows evidence of an enduring public service mission and an apprentice tradition that lighted the way for editors like Patterson and those who followed. In Atlanta, Ralph McGill, a legendary anti-segregationist editor, tutored a young Patterson, sharpening his focus, prose and resolve. That man in turn grew up to teach and inspire future generations of editors, me included, even as the stories evolved from segregation to death penalty law, gender inequality, immigration and more.

Swartz was not a journalist, but a programmer turned crusader whose work raises large and complex questions about who owns knowledge. And his ideals could be in conflict with the news industry?s business views on copyright and content control. But they are rooted in a historic journalistic debate that Patterson would have recognized, one made ever more urgent by the digital possibilities: Who controls access to information? When to publish and when not? What are the costs ? financial, moral and personal?

Delusional, I know: I?ve imagined Patterson and Swartz in conversation about all this. But on that January weekend, they were ghosts speaking across the obituary page.

A week after they died, I saw Nicco Mele, who teaches on politics and the Internet at Harvard?s Kennedy School of Government. Mele knew Swartz, had read about Patterson, and we talked a bit about them. Some days later, he emailed me.

?I was thinking about what you said about Aaron Swartz and Eugene Patterson,? he wrote. ?What do they have in common??

Mele observed that Swartz had a ?moral suasion? that distinguished him among Internet entrepreneurs and aligned him with Patterson. ?That kind of integrity, a deep-seated sense of public service, was simply unusual,? Mele wrote. He added that Swartz?s standing was ?complicated given many of his actions. But he definitely saw himself as acting in civil disobedience from a place of integrity.?

His final point struck a somber note about shifting media tectonics.

?One of the questions raised by the comparison is about the role of editors and journalists in our communities,? he wrote. ?Eugene Patterson?s life makes it clear that newspapers were a crucial perch for true leadership ? a disappearing perch. And I?m not sure we?ve got any institutions poised to fill that void.

?Aaron was, in a sense, the spiritual heir to the crusading editor. How do we encourage more nerds to be like Aaron??

In one of the last photos of Patterson, he is dressed in blue pajamas, sitting up in bed with his laptop. He is already ill. There is a King James Bible at his side, atop his manuscript for ?Chord: The Old Testament Condensed.? He wears a sweet, wan smile, the expression of an old man at peace.

There will be no such photos of Aaron. ?

Ann Marie Lipinski is curator of the Nieman Foundation.

Patterson photo courtesy the Tampa Bay Times. Swartz photo by Quinn Norton used under a Creative Commons license.

Source: http://www.niemanlab.org/2013/02/eugene-patterson-and-aaron-swartz-ghosts-speaking-across-the-page/

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